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增强型实时相关处理机设计和天线测量应用

Enhanced Real-time Correlator Design and Application for Antenna Measurement

  • 摘要: 大型射电望远镜天线在射电天文、地球动力学和深空探测等多种学科中发挥着重要作用, 受到温度、重力、风力等因素的影响, 天线副面、背架、主反射面等都会产生变形, 从而影响天线效率和指向等, 因此需要对天线进行测量和调整. 实时相关机是天线测量的重要设备, 设计并实现了一种应用于天线测量的基于FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)的增强型实时相关处理机. 应用于天线测量时, 增强型实时相关处理机和传统的总功率检测相比, 具有抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、具备射电源在线补偿干涉能力等优势, 可应用于天线指向、副面位姿和面型误差检测等天线测量需求. 使用增强型实时相关处理机对天马65 m射电望远镜进行了方向图扫描和全息法面型测量, 测量结果说明了增强型实时相关处理机应用于天线检测准确、可靠.

     

    Abstract: Large radio telescopes play an important role in various disciplines such as radio astronomy, geodynamics, and deep space exploration. Due to the influence of various factors such as temperature, gravity, and wind load, components including the subreflector, backup structure, and main reflector undergo deformation, thereby compromising antenna efficiency and pointing accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and adjust the antenna. The real-time correlator is a crucial instrument for antenna measurement. For this purpose, an enhanced real-time correlator based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) for antenna measurement was designed and implemented. When applied in antenna measurement, compared with the traditional total power measurement method, the enhanced real-time correlator offers advantages such as strong anti-interference capability, high sensitivity, and the ability to perform real-time compensation and interferometric observations of radio sources. It can be applied to various antenna measurement applications, including pointing calibration, subreflector pose adjustment, and main reflector deformation measurement. Scanning radiation pattern test and holographic measurement of the main reflector deformation were conducted on the TM65 m radio telescope using the enhanced real-time correlator. The results verified the accuracy and reliability of this system for antenna measurement.

     

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