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利用月球激光测距数据优化NGLR-1的坐标

Optimizing the Coordinates of NGLR-1 Using Lunar Laser Ranging Data

  • 摘要: 精确确定新部署角反射器的月面坐标, 不仅有助于提高激光测距的预报精度, 还能增强望远镜的跟踪与瞄准能力, 在提升月球激光测距成功率和观测效率方面具有重要意义. 为验证国际激光测距服务组织(International Laser Ranging Service, ILRS)推荐的下一代单体大口径激光角反射器(Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector, NGLR-1)初始坐标, 基于云南天文台自主构建的月球激光测距观测模型, 对2025年上半年获取的相关观测数据进行了处理与分析. 结果显示, 采用ILRS推荐坐标计算得到的NGLR-1距离实测值(Observation, O)与理论值(Calculation, C)之间的双程距离残差(OC), 其均值与均方根值均达百米量级; 而同期Apollo和Luna系列角反射器的计算结果则保持在厘米量级. 进一步, 利用最小二乘法对NGLR-1三维坐标进行参数估计, 并基于优化后的坐标解重新处理观测数据, 残差的均值和均方根值显著降低至厘米量级, 与其他角反射器结果相当. 此外, 本研究还验证了在少量观测数据条件下快速确定角反射器坐标的可行性, 为NGLR-1的快速定位、精密激光测距观测及相关科学研究提供了参考.

     

    Abstract: Accurately determining the lunar coordinates of newly deployed corner-cube retroreflectors is not only beneficial for improving the predictive accuracy of laser ranging but also enhances the tracking and targeting capabilities of telescopes. This has significant implications for increasing the success rate and observational efficiency of lunar laser ranging. To verify the initial coordinates of the next-generation monolithic large-aperture lunar retroreflector (Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector, NGLR-1) recommended by the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS), this study processes and analyzes relevant observational data obtained in the first half of 2025 based on a lunar laser ranging observation model independently developed by Yunnan Observatories. The results show that when using the ILRS-recommended coordinates, the two-way O-C residuals between the observed (O) and calculated (C) distances of NGLR-1 reach the order of hundreds of meters in both mean and root-mean-square values, whereas the corresponding results for the Apollo and Luna series retroreflectors remain at the centimeter level. Furthermore, by performing parameter estimation of the NGLR-1 three-dimensional coordinates using the least-squares method and reprocessing the observational data with the optimized coordinates, the mean and root-mean-square residuals are significantly reduced to the centimeter level, comparable to those of other retroreflectors. In addition, this study demonstrates the feasibility of rapidly determining retroreflector coordinates with a limited number of observations, providing a reference for the quick localization, precise laser ranging observations, and related scientific research of NGLR-1.

     

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