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重复快速射电暴中周期性等待时间空档的缺失

Absence of Periodic Gaps in Waiting Times of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts

  • 摘要: 快速射电暴(Fast Radio Burst, FRB)是2007年发现的一类新型射电脉冲暂现源, 过去近20年来天文学家在不断探索其起源天体和物理机制. 2020年发现一例低光度快速射电暴FRB 20200428与银河系内一颗强磁场脉冲星(Magnetar, 磁陀星) SGR 1935+2154的X射线爆发事件相成协, 将FRB的起源直接指向特殊中子星/脉冲星系统. 目前已有一些工作尝试搜寻FRB的自转周期, 但高置信度的明确信号至今尚未探测到. 基于重复快速射电暴(重复暴)中潜在的占空比(Duty Cycle)和相邻脉冲之间的等待时间, 提出通过等待时间的周期性空档区域来搜寻周期, 并使用该方法分析4个目前爆发样本最丰富的重复暴FRB 20121102、FRB 20201124、FRB 20220529和FRB 20220912. 在0.01–300 s自转周期范围、0–0.45占空比范围的参数空间内, 没有探测到可靠的周期性. 这一范围覆盖了绝大多数脉冲星的分布区域, 表明重复暴与银河系内脉冲星辐射可能在占空比等关键性质上存在显著差异, 为FRB的脉冲星/中子星相关模型给出了新的限制.

     

    Abstract: Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) represent a novel class of radio transients first reported in 2007. For nearly two decades, astronomers have been investigating their progenitor objects and underlying physical mechanisms. In 2020, the discovery of the low-luminosity FRB 20200428, associated with an X-ray burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154, provided direct evidence linking the origin of FRBs to extreme neutron star or pulsar systems. Despite numerous efforts to identify rotational periodicities in FRBs, no clear signals with high confidence have been detected to date. In this work, based on the potential duty cycles and burst waiting times of repeating FRBs, we propose a novel method to search for periodicities by identifying “periodic gaps” in the waiting time distribution. We apply this technique to four of the most active repeating FRBs: FRB 20121102, FRB 20201124, FRB 20220529, and FRB 20220912. Within a parameter space covering periods from 0.01 s to 300 s and duty cycles from 0 to 0.45, no reliable periodicity was detected. As this range encompasses the vast majority of the Galactic pulsar population, our results suggest significant differences in emission properties (such as duty cycle) between repeating FRBs and Galactic pulsars, thereby imposing new constraints on pulsar/neutron star-related FRB models.

     

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